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hippofish/docs/install.md

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Install Firefish

Please check the v20240206 release note first. This project is barely maintained for those who really want to keep using Firefish. Please understand this before proceeding.

Dependencies

Firefish depends on the following software.

Runtime dependencies

  • At least NodeJS v18.19.0 (v20/v22 recommended)
  • At least PostgreSQL v12 (v16 recommended) with PGroonga extension
  • At least Redis v7 or Valkey v7
  • Web Proxy (one of the following)
    • Caddy (recommended)
    • Nginx (recommended)
    • Apache
  • FFmpeg for video transcoding (optional)
  • Caching server (optional, one of the following)

Build dependencies

  • At least Rust v1.74
  • C/C++ compiler & build tools (like GNU Make)
    • build-essential on Debian/Ubuntu Linux
    • base-devel on Arch Linux
    • "Development Tools" on Fedora/Red Hat Linux
  • Python 3
  • Perl

This document shows an example procedure for installing these dependencies and Firefish on Debian 12. Note that there is much room for customizing the server setup; this document merely demonstrates a simple installation.

Install on non-Linux systems

We don't test Firefish on non-Linux systems, so please install Firefish on such an environment only if you can address any problems yourself. There is absolutely no support. That said, it is possible to install Firefish on some non-Linux systems.

Possible setup on FreeBSD (as of version 20240725)

You can install Firefish on FreeBSD by adding these extra steps to the standard instructions:

  1. Install vips package
  2. Add the following block to package.json 
      "pnpm": {
    "overrides": {
      "rollup": "npm:@rollup/wasm-node
    }
  }
  3. Create an rc script for Firefish 
    #!/bin/sh

# PROVIDE: firefish
# REQUIRE: DAEMON redis caddy postgresql
# KEYWORD: shutdown

. /etc/rc.subr

name=firefish
rcvar=firefish_enable

desc="Firefish daemon"

load_rc_config ${name}

: ${firefish_chdir:="/path/to/firefish/local/repository"}
: ${firefish_env:="npm_config_cache=/tmp NODE_ENV=production NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=3072"}

pidfile="/var/run/${name}.pid"
command=/usr/sbin/daemon
command_args="-f -S -u firefish -P ${pidfile} /usr/local/bin/pnpm run start"

run_rc_command "$1"

Please let us know if you deployed Firefish on a curious environment 😄

Use Docker/Podman containers

If you want to use the pre-built container image, please refer to install-container.md.

1. Install dependencies

Make sure that you can use the sudo command before proceeding.

Utilities

sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential python3 curl wget git lsb-release

Node.js and pnpm

Instructions can be found at this repository.

NODE_MAJOR=20
curl -fsSL "https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_${NODE_MAJOR}.x" | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt install nodejs

# check version
node --version

You also need to enable pnpm.

sudo corepack enable
corepack prepare pnpm@latest --activate

# check version
pnpm --version

PostgreSQL and PGroonga

PostgreSQL install instructions can be found at this page.

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb https://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update
sudo apt install postgresql-16

sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql

# check version
psql --version

PGroonga install instructions can be found at this page.

wget "https://apache.jfrog.io/artifactory/arrow/$(lsb_release --id --short | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z')/apache-arrow-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb"
sudo apt install "./apache-arrow-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb"
wget "https://packages.groonga.org/debian/groonga-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb"
sudo apt install "./groonga-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install postgresql-16-pgdg-pgroonga

rm "apache-arrow-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb" "groonga-apt-source-latest-$(lsb_release --codename --short).deb"

Redis

Instructions can be found at this page.

curl -fsSL https://packages.redis.io/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/redis-archive-keyring.gpg] https://packages.redis.io/deb $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/redis.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install redis

sudo systemctl enable --now redis-server

# check version
redis-cli --version

FFmpeg

sudo apt install ffmpeg

2. Set up a database

  1. Create a database user 
    sudo -u postgres createuser --no-createdb --no-createrole --no-superuser --encrypted --pwprompt firefish
    If you forgot the password you typed, you can reset it by executing sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER firefish PASSWORD 'password';".
  2. Create a database 
    sudo -u postgres createdb --encoding='UTF8' --owner=firefish firefish_db
  3. Enable PGronnga extension 
    sudo -u postgres psql --command='CREATE EXTENSION pgroonga;' --dbname=firefish_db

3. Configure Firefish

  1. Create an user for Firefish and switch user

    sudo useradd --create-home --user-group --shell /bin/bash firefish
sudo su --login firefish

# check the current working directory
# the result should be /home/firefish
pwd

  2. Install Rust toolchain

    Instructions can be found at this page.

    curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
. "${HOME}/.cargo/env"

# check version
cargo --version

  3. Clone the Firefish repository

    git clone --branch=main https://firefish.dev/firefish/firefish.git

  4. Copy and edit the config file

    cd firefish
cp .config/example.yml .config/default.yml
nano .config/default.yml

    url: https://your-server-domain.example.com  # change here
port: 3000

db:
  host: localhost
  port: 5432
  db: firefish_db
  user: firefish
  pass: your-database-password  # and here

4. Build Firefish

  1. Build 
    pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
NODE_ENV=production NODE_OPTIONS='--max-old-space-size=3072' pnpm run build
  2. Execute database migrations 
    pnpm run migrate
  3. Logout from firefish user 
    exit

5. Preparation for publishing a server

1. Set up a firewall

To expose your server securely, you may want to set up a firewall. We use ufw in this instruction.

sudo apt install ufw
# if you use SSH
# SSH_PORT=22
# sudo ufw limit "${SSH_PORT}/tcp"
sudo ufw default deny
sudo ufw allow 80
sudo ufw allow 443
sudo ufw --force enable

# check status
sudo ufw status

2. Set up a reverse proxy

In this instruction, we use Caddy to make the Firefish server accesible from internet. However, you can also use Nginx if you want (example Nginx config file).

  1. Install Caddy

    sudo apt install debian-keyring debian-archive-keyring apt-transport-https
curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/gpg.key' | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/caddy-stable-archive-keyring.gpg
curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/caddy/stable/debian.deb.txt' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/caddy-stable.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt install caddy

# check version
caddy version

  2. Replace the config file

    sudo mv /etc/caddy/Caddyfile /etc/caddy/Caddyfile.bak
sudo nano /etc/caddy/Caddyfile

    your-server-domain.example.com {
	reverse_proxy http://127.0.0.1:3000

	log {
		output file /var/log/caddy/firefish.log
	}
}

  3. Restart Caddy

    sudo systemctl restart caddy

6. Publish your Firefish server

  1. Create a service file

    sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/firefish.service

    [Unit]
Description=Firefish daemon
Requires=redis.service caddy.service postgresql.service
After=redis.service caddy.service postgresql.service network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=firefish
Group=firefish
UMask=0027
ExecStart=/usr/bin/pnpm run start
WorkingDirectory=/home/firefish/firefish
Environment="NODE_ENV=production"
Environment="npm_config_cache=/tmp"
Environment="NODE_OPTIONS=--max-old-space-size=3072"
# uncomment the following line if you use jemalloc (note that the path varies on different environments)
# Environment="LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjemalloc.so.2"
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal
SyslogIdentifier=firefish
TimeoutSec=60
Restart=always

CapabilityBoundingSet=
DevicePolicy=closed
NoNewPrivileges=true
LockPersonality=true
PrivateDevices=true
PrivateIPC=true
PrivateMounts=true
PrivateUsers=true
ProtectClock=true
ProtectControlGroups=true
ProtectHostname=true
ProtectKernelTunables=true
ProtectKernelModules=true
ProtectKernelLogs=true
ProtectProc=invisible
RestrictNamespaces=true
RestrictRealtime=true
RestrictSUIDSGID=true
SecureBits=noroot-locked
SystemCallArchitectures=native
SystemCallFilter=~@chown @clock @cpu-emulation @debug @ipc @keyring @memlock @module @mount @obsolete @privileged @raw-io @reboot @resources @setuid @swap
SystemCallFilter=capset pipe pipe2 setpriority

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

  2. Start Firefish

    sudo systemctl enable --now firefish

Maintain the server

Upgrade Firefish version

Please refer to the upgrade instruction. Be sure to switch to firefish user and go to the Firefish directory before executing the git command:

sudo su --login firefish
cd ~/firefish

Rotate logs

As the server runs longer and longer, the size of the log files increases, filling up the disk space. To prevent this, you should set up a log rotation (removing old logs automatically).

You can edit the SystemMaxUse value in the [journal] section of /etc/systemd/journald.conf to do it:

[journal]
... (omitted)
SystemMaxUse=500M
...

Make sure to remove the leading # to uncomment the line. After editing the config file, you need to restart systemd-journald service.

sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald

It is also recommended that you change the PGroonga log level. The default level is notice, but this is too verbose for daily use.

To control the log level, add this line to your postgresql.conf:

pgroonga.log_level = error

You can check the postgresql.conf location by this command:

sudo --user=postgres psql --command='SHOW config_file'

The PGroonga log file (pgroonga.log) is located under this directory:

sudo --user=postgres psql --command='SHOW data_directory'

Tune database configuration

The default PostgreSQL configuration is not suitable for running a Firefish server. So, it is highly recommended that you use PGTune to tweak the configuration.

Here is an example set of parameters you can provide to PGTune:

Parameter Value
DB version 16 (your PostgreSQL major version)
OS Type Linux
DB Type Data warehouse
Total Memory [total physical memory] minus 700 MB
Number of CPUs number of CPU threads (or lower value if you have many)
Number of connections 200
Data storage SSD storage

Since a Firefish server is not a dedicated database server, be sure to leave some memory space for other software such as Firefish, Redis, and reverse proxy.

Once you have entered the appropriate values for your environment, click the "Generate" button to generate a configuration and replace the values in postgresql.conf with the suggested values.

After that, you need to restart the PostgreSQL service.

sudo systemctl stop firefish
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
sudo systemctl start firefish

VACUUM your database

If the database runs long, accumulated "garbage" can degrade its performance or cause problems. To prevent this, you should VACUUM your database regularly.

sudo systemctl stop firefish
sudo --user=postgres psql --dbname=firefish_db --command='VACUUM FULL VERBOSE ANALYZE'
sudo systemctl start firefish

Note that this operation takes some time.

Customize

  • To add custom CSS for all users, edit ./custom/assets/instance.css.
  • To add static assets (such as images for the splash screen), place them in the ./custom/assets/ directory. They'll then be available on https://yourserver.tld/static-assets/filename.ext.
  • To add custom locales, place them in the ./custom/locales/ directory. If you name your custom locale the same as an existing locale, it will overwrite it. If you give it a unique name, it will be added to the list. Also make sure that the first part of the filename matches the locale you're basing it on. (Example: en-FOO.yml)
  • To add custom error images, place them in the ./custom/assets/badges directory, replacing the files already there.
  • To add custom sounds, place only mp3 files in the ./custom/assets/sounds directory.
  • To update custom assets without rebuilding, just run pnpm run build:assets.
  • To block ChatGPT, CommonCrawl, or other crawlers from indexing your instance, uncomment the respective rules in ./custom/robots.txt.

Tips & Tricks

  • When editing the config file, please don't fill out the settings at the bottom. They're designed only for managed hosting, not self hosting. Those settings are much better off being set in Firefish's control panel.
  • Port 3000 (used in the default config) might be already used on your server for something else. To find an open port for Firefish, run for p in {3000..4000}; do ss -tlnH | tr -s ' ' | cut -d" " -sf4 | grep -q "${p}$" || echo "${p}"; done | head -n 1. Replace 3000 with the minimum port and 4000 with the maximum port if you need it.
  • We'd recommend you use a S3 Bucket/CDN for Object Storage, especially if you use containers.
  • When using object storage, setting a proper Access-Control-Allow-Origin response header is highly recommended.
  • We'd recommend against using CloudFlare, but if you do, make sure to turn code minification off.
  • For push notifications, run npx web-push generate-vapid-keys, then put the public and private keys into Control Panel > General > ServiceWorker.
  • For translations, make a DeepL account and generate an API key, then put it into Control Panel > General > DeepL Translation.
  • To add another admin account:
    • Go to the user's page > 3 Dots > About > Moderation > turn on "Moderator"
    • Go back to Overview > click the clipboard icon next to the ID
    • Run psql -d firefish (or whatever the database name is)
    • Run UPDATE "user" SET "isAdmin" = true WHERE id='999999'; (replace 999999 with the copied ID)
    • Restart your Firefish server